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USS ''Iowa'' (BB-61) is the lead ship of her class of battleship and the fourth in the United States Navy to be named in honor of the 29th state. Owing to the cancellation of the s, ''Iowa'' is the last lead ship of any class of United States battleships and was the only ship of her class to have served in the Atlantic Ocean during World War II. During World War II, she carried President Franklin D. Roosevelt across the Atlantic to Mers El Kébir, Algeria, en route to a crucial 1943 meeting in Tehran with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Britain and Josef Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union. She has a bathtub—an amenity installed for Roosevelt, along with an elevator to shuttle him between decks.〔''Iowa'' was not the first US battleship to have a bathtub, the 1912 joiner plans for the U.S.S. ''Texas'' and U.S.S. ''New York'' indicate that bathtubs were in the Admiral's Bath, Captain's Bath, Chief of Staff's bath, Junior Officer's Bath, Warrant Officer's Bath, Wardroom Officer's Baths, and the Sick Bay Bath when those ships were constructed. photo()()()()〕 When transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1944, ''Iowa'' shelled beachheads at Kwajalein and Eniwetok in advance of Allied amphibious landings and screened aircraft carriers operating in the Marshall Islands. She also served as the Third Fleet flagship, flying Adm. William F. Halsey's flag at the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay. During the Korean War, ''Iowa'' was involved in raids on the North Korean coast, after which she was decommissioned into the United States Navy reserve fleets, better known as the "mothball fleet." She was reactivated in 1984 as part of the 600-ship Navy plan and operated in both the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets to counter the recently expanded Soviet Navy. In April 1989, an explosion of undetermined origin wrecked her No. 2 gun turret, killing 47 sailors. ''Iowa'' was decommissioned for the last time in the year 1990, and was initially stricken from the Naval Vessel Register in 1995. She was reinstated from 1999 to 2006 to comply with federal laws that required retention and maintenance of two ''Iowa''-class battleships. In 2011 ''USS Iowa'' was donated to the Los Angeles–based non-profit Pacific Battleship Center and was permanently moved to Berth 87 at the Port of Los Angeles in 2012, where she was opened to the public as the USS Iowa Museum. ==Construction== ''USS Iowa'' was the lead ship of her class of "fast battleship" designs planned in 1938 by the Preliminary Design Branch at the Bureau of Construction and Repair. She was launched on 27 August 1942 which First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt attended and was sponsored by native Iowan Ilo Wallace (wife of Vice President Henry Wallace), and commissioned on 22 February 1943 with Captain John L. McCrea in command. She was the first ship of her class of battleship to be commissioned.〔(''Iowa'' ). Naval Vessel Register. The Department of Defense. Retrieved on 6 September 2008.〕 ''USS Iowa''s main battery consisted of nine 16" (406.4mm)/50 caliber Mark 7 guns, which could fire armor-piercing shells . Her secondary battery consisted of twenty s in twin mounts, which could fire at targets up to away. With the advent of air power and the need to gain and maintain air superiority came a need to protect the growing fleet of Allied aircraft carriers; to this end, ''Iowa'' was fitted with an array of Oerlikon 20 mm and Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns to defend Allied carriers from enemy airstrikes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Iowa (BB-61)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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